QIC Abstracts

 Vol.2 No.6 Oct 15, 2002 (print: November 15, 2002)
Researches:
Creating high-dimensional time-bin entanglement using mode-locked lasers (pp425-433)
        H. de Riedmatten, I. Marcikic, H. Zbinden and N. Gisin
We present a new scheme to generate high dimensional entanglement between two photonic systems. The idea is based on parametric down conversion with a sequence of pump pulses generated by a mode-locked laser. We prove experimentally the feasibility of this scheme by performing a Franson-type Bell test using a 2-way interferometer with path-length difference equal to the distance between 2 pump pulses. With this experiment, we can demonstrate entanglement for a two-photon state of at least dimension D=11. Finally, we propose a feasible experiment to show a Fabry-Perot like effect for a high dimensional two-photon state.

A practical trojan horse for Bell-inequality-based quantum cryptography (pp434-442)
        J. Larsson

Quantum Cryptography, or more accurately, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is based on using an unconditionally secure ``quantum channel'' to share a secret key among two users. A manufacturer of QKD devices could, intentionally or not, use a (semi-)classical channel instead of the quantum channel, which would remove the supposedly unconditional security. One example is the BB84 protocol, where the quantum channel can be implemented in polarization of single photons. Here, use of several photons instead of one to encode each bit of the key provides a similar but insecure system. For protocols based on violation of a Bell inequality (e.g., the Ekert protocol) the situation is somewhat different. While the possibility is mentioned by some authors, it is generally thought that an implementation of a (semi-)classical channel will differ significantly from that of a quantum channel. Here, a counterexample will be given using an identical physical setup as is used in photon-polarization Ekert QKD. Since the physical implementation is identical, a manufacturer may include this modification as a Trojan Horse in manufactured systems, to be activated at will by an eavesdropper. Thus, the old truth of cryptography still holds: you have to trust the manufacturer of your cryptographic device. Even when you do violate the Bell inequality.

Computational model underlying the one-way quantum computer (pp443-486)
        R. Raussendorf and H. Briegel
In this paper we present the computational model underlying the one-way quantum computer which we introduced recently [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf{86}}, 5188 (2001)]. The one-way quantum computer has the property that any quantum logic network can be simulated on it. Conversely, not all ways of quantum information processing that are possible with the one-way quantum computer can be understood properly in network model terms. We show that the logical depth is, for certain algorithms, lower than has so far been known for networks. For example, every quantum circuit in the Clifford group can be performed on the one-way quantum computer in a single step.

Lorentz Invariance of Entanglement   (pp487-512)
        P.M. Alsing and G. Milburn
We study the transformation of maximally entangled states under the action of Lorentz transformations in a fully relativistic setting. By explicit calculation of the Wigner rotation, we describe the relativistic analog of the Bell states as viewed from two inertial frames moving with constant velocity with respect to each other. Though the finite dimensional matrices describing the Lorentz transformations are non-unitary, each single particle state of the entangled pair undergoes an effective, momentum dependent, local unitary rotation, thereby preserving the entanglement fidelity of the bipartite state. The details of how these unitary transformations are manifested are explicitly worked out for the Bell states comprised of massive spin $1/2$ particles and massless photon polarizations. The relevance of this work to non-inertial frames is briefly discussed.

The density matrix for mixed state qubits and hyperbolic geometry (pp513-514)
        A.A. Ungar
Density matrices for mixed state qubits, parametrized by the Bloch vector in the open unit ball of the Euclidean 3-space, are well known in quantum information and computation theory. By presenting new identities for the qubit density matrix we indicate its intimate relationship with M\"obius addition and scalar multiplication. The latter, in turn, form the algebraic setting for the Poincar\'e ball model of hyperbolic geometry so that, as a result, the qubit density matrix is linked to hyperbolic geometry.

Book Review:
On "A First Course in Information Theory" by Raymond W. Yeung  (pp515-516)
        
A. Winter

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